The Admiralty Islands having been seized a month ahead of schedule, MacArthur accelerated his advance. and Australian infantry were moving along the northern coast, pushing the Japanese before them. In the early months of 1944, both at Bougainville and at Rabaul, large numbers of Japanese troops were effectively put out of action without being confronted in bloody combat. It made the term “amphibious” a household word throughout the English-speaking world. It was a new kind of combined operations warfare in which the Allies consistently outclassed their Japanese opponents. Although one line of attack was carried out primarily by ground forces and the other by naval forces, the main feature of both undertakings was the close coordination of land, sea, and air power. While military planners argued the merits of one approach over another, two main lines of attack were actually followed during 1944: (1) MacArthur’s ground forces (including Army, Marine, and Navy elements) strengthened their hold in New Guinea and eventually invaded the Philippines (2) Nimitz’s naval forces drove across the central Pacific from the Gilberts to the Marianas and then covered the landing in the Philippines. All of these factors had to be taken into account in determining the lines of advance in 1944. It was recognized that before an invasion of the Japanese home islands became possible it would be necessary to undertake extensive aerial bombardment of the islands and cut Japan’s lines of communications to the Dutch East Indies and Malaya. All agreed, of course, that the naval forces that had met with such success in the Gilbert Islands should push toward the Marianas, from which the heavy B-29 bombers of the Army Air Forces could strike at Japan. The admirals preferred to bypass the Philippines and take Formosa, which was much closer to Japan.
MacArthur, with a firm foothold in New Guinea, was determined to move next to the Philippines, from which he had been driven after Pearl Harbor, and from there launch the final attack on the Japanese home islands. The Allied victories in 1943 set the stage for the strategic advances of 1944, but they did not determine the exact lines of attack.
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